Examining Geological Evidence From Fossils
Fossils are an important part of understanding Earth's geological history. Fossils can tell scientists about the life that existed millions of years ago and help explain how the Earth's landscape has changed throughout the years. In order to uncover the secrets of the past, paleontologists study the types of fossils found in various strata of the Earth's surface. By examining the fossils, scientists can get an idea of the type of life that existed during certain time periods, as well as the environment during that time.
Fossils are any remains of ancient life that have been preserved in rocks or other materials. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks, which form when sediment accumulates on the ocean floor or near a body of water. Throughout the years the sediment turns to limestone, or when exposed to pressure and temperature, turns to shale. The fossils are trapped in the layers of sediment, providing scientists with an excellent opportunity to study the ancient organisms.
Fossils can also be found in locations like ancient lake beds, deserts, and in glaciers. Unlike sedimentary rocks, these deposits do not necessarily require pressure or temperature for the fossils to be preserved, as the conditions are already present for the fossilization of the organisms. The type of fossil material varies, consisting of bones, teeth, shells, eggs, pollen, resin, and amber.
Scientists use these different types of fossils to get an insight into what the world was like millions of years ago. By comparing the different types of fossils and their locations, scientists can make deductions about the type of environment the species inhabited, the climate of the region, and how the modern landscape differs from that of the past.
How Scientists Identify and Analyze Fossils
In order to identify and analyze the fossils, scientists must first determine the type of fossils they are dealing with. This can be done by looking at the shape, size, color, and texture of the fossil, as well as examining the chemical composition. Carbon dating is also used to give an approximate age of the fossils. Once the type of fossils is determined, the fossils can then be categorized into either plant fossils or animal fossils, or both.
Paleontologists then use the fossils to answer questions and create hypotheses about the ancient environment and the development of life on Earth. For example, examination of plant fossils can provide information about the type of vegetation that was present at the time. Similarly, animal fossils can provide insight into how animals may have evolved over time, such as changes in size, color, and behavior.
Conclusion
Fossils provide an invaluable contribution to the knowledge of Earth's geological history. By examining the fossils, scientists can uncover the secrets of the past and gain insight into the type of life that existed during certain time periods. Through careful examination and analysis, scientists can create an accurate picture of the ancient environment as well as how modern life on Earth differs from that of the past.